<breath> or a
<sil>, respectively. Only silences that are
perceptible should be transcribed. A transcribed line should not
consist of silence only.
<partial> tag, followed by a [PARTIAL] tag containing the transcription of the utterance.
<partial> [PARTIAL oran(ge)-]".
| um | Filled pause. |
| uh | Filled pause. |
| er | Filled pause. More common in British English. |
| okay | Agreement. Speakers will often produce variants of this, such as "kay", "mkay", "umkay". All of these variants should be spelled as "okay". |
| uhuh | Agreement. |
| mmhm | Agreement. |
| mm | Agreement, stalling for time. |
| huh | Request for clarification. Puzzlement. |
| hm | Stalling for time. |
| nah | Informal version of "no". |
| nope | Informal version of "no". |
| aha | Interjection denoting surprise, as in "aha! I found it", rather than "uhuh" as an acknowledgement. |
| ha | Interjection, similar to "aha" |
| oh | Surprise. |
| ooh | As in "ooh, that's gross." |
| yeah | Informal version of "yes". |
| yep | Informal version of "yes". |
| 'll | for "will" or "shall" |
| 've | for "have" |
| n't | for "not" |
| 're | for "are" |
| 's | for "is" or "has" or "us" (in "let's") |
| 'd | for "would" |
| 'm | for "am" |
| lemme | for "let me" |
| wanna | for "want to" |
| gonna | for "going to" |
| gotta | for "got to" |
| kinda | for "kind of" |
| sorta | for "sort of" |
| hafta | for "have to" |
| <click> | Obvious tongue-clicking. |
| <clicks> | Tongue-clickings. Usually made to fill a silence. |
| <sigh> | |
| <cough> | |
| <clear-throat> | |
| <mumble> | Incomprehensible word or words. |
| <noise> | Noises from the speaker that cannot be classified elsewhere |
| <lipsmack> | Noises made by the repeated parting of the lips, often used while thinking or stalling. |
| <sil> | Silence. This can appear anywhere in the utterance, including the beginning and end. |
| <laugh> |