Learned by Reading
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Mutant male worms exhibit impaired mating abilities and increased dispersion due to poor mate recognition and vulval location abilities (the Lov phenotype, as described by the Barr and Sternberg laboratories).
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (JJ Mutant) (JJ male) (NNS worms))
(VP (VB exhibit)
(NP (NP (VBN impaired) (NN mating) (NNS abilities)) (CC and)
(NP (JJ increased) (NN dispersion)))
(ADVP (JJ due)
(PP (TO to)
(NP (NP (JJ poor) (NN mate) (NN recognition)) (CC and)
(NP (NP (JJ vulval) (NN location) (NNS abilities)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(NP (DT the) (NNP Lov) (NN phenotype)) (, ,)
(SBAR (IN as)
(S (VP (VBN described)
(PP (IN by)
(NP (DT the) (NNP Barr) (CC and) (NNP Sternberg) (NNS laboratories)))
(-RRB- -RRB-))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Because oma – 1; oma – 2 mutant worms are sterile, we are unable to examine the function, if any, of OMA – 1 and OMA – 2 in early embryos.
(Parse)
(S1 (FRAG (PP (IN Because)
(NP (NN oma)))
(: -)
(NP (NP (CD 1)) (: ;)
(NP (FW oma)))
(: -)
(S (S (NP (CD 2) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (AUX are)
(ADJP (JJ sterile))))
(, ,)
(NP (PRP we))
(VP (AUX are)
(ADJP (JJ unable)
(S (VP (TO to)
(VP (VB examine)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN function)) (PRN (, ,)
(PP (IN if)
(NP (DT any)))
(, ,))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NNP OMA))))
(: -)
(NP (NP (CD 1)) (CC and)
(NP (NNP OMA)) (: -)
(NP (NP (CD 2))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (JJ early) (NNS embryos)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
We found that localization of UNC – 33 is normal in any types of unc – 43 mutant worms.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (PRP We))
(VP (VBD found)
(SBAR (IN that)
(S (NP (NP (NN localization))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NNP UNC) (: -) (CD 33))))
(VP (AUX is)
(ADJP (JJ normal))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (NP (DT any) (NNS types))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NNP unc))))
(: -)
(NP (CD 43) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
The mutant worms were severely uncoordinated, defective in mechanosensation, and showed a kinked head and withered tail.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT The) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (VP (AUX were)
(ADJP (RB severely) (JJ uncoordinated) (, ,) (JJ defective))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NN mechanosensation))))
(, ,) (CC and)
(VP (VBD showed)
(NP (NP (DT a) (JJ kinked) (NN head)) (CC and)
(NP (JJ withered) (NN tail)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Two such screens are presented: (I) To identify genes involved in the biogenesis and cell biology of fat storage, we screened EMS – mutagenized N2 animals for mutant worms with abnormalities in lipid droplet size or number.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (S (NP (CD Two) (JJ such) (NNS screens))
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN presented) (PRN (: :) (-LRB- -LRB-)
(NP (PRP I)) (-RRB- -RRB-))
(S (VP (TO To)
(VP (VB identify)
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(VP (VBN involved)
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN biogenesis) (CC and) (NN cell) (NN biology))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (JJ fat) (NN storage))))
(, ,)
(NP (PRP we))
(VP (VBD screened)
(NP (NNP EMS)) (: -)
(NP (NP (JJ mutagenized) (NNP N2) (NNS animals))
(PP (IN for)
(NP (JJ mutant) (NNS worms)))
(PP (IN with)
(NP (NP (NNS abnormalities))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (NN lipid) (NN droplet) (NN size)) (CC or)
(NP (NN number)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Here we describe a new approach for using automatically – acquired image data to quantify the locomotion patterns of wild – type and mutant worms.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (ADVP (RB Here))
(NP (PRP we))
(VP (VBP describe)
(NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN approach))
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(S (VP (VBG using) (ADVP (RB automatically)) (: -)
(VP (VBN acquired)
(NP (NN image) (NNS data))
(S (VP (TO to)
(VP (VB quantify)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN locomotion) (NNS patterns))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (JJ wild)))))
(: -)
(NP (NP (NN type)) (CC and)
(NP (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
To determine whether HERG can replace the function of EXP – 2 in C. elegans, and thus to attempt to engineer a predicted pharyngeal pumping behavior, we have expressed a functional HERG: : GFP fusion protein 1 in the pharynxes of exp – 2 and eat – 4; exp – 2 mutant worms. exp – 2 mutants lack repolarization spikes in electropharyngeograms (EPG), but otherwise have no visible feeding defects. eat – 4; exp – 2 appears to be slightly starved on HB101 bacteria, but is visibly starved and slow – growing on DA837 bacteria.
(Parse)
(S1 (FRAG (S (S (VP (VP (TO To)
(VP (VB determine)
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(S (NP (NNP HERG))
(VP (MD can)
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(NP (NP (NP (NN EXP)) (: -)
(NP (NP (CD 2))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NNP C))))
(. .)) (NNS elegans))))
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(VP (TO to)
(VP (VB attempt)
(S (VP (TO to)
(VP (VB engineer)
(NP (DT a) (VBN predicted) (NN pharyngeal) (VBG pumping) (NN behavior)))
(, ,)
(NP (PRP we))
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(VP (VBN expressed)
(NP (DT a) (JJ functional) (NN HERG))))
(: :)) (: :)
(NP (NP (NNP GFP) (NN fusion) (NN protein) (CD 1))
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(NP (NN exp)) (: -)
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(S (NP (CD 2) (NNS mutants))
(VP (VP (VBP lack)
(NP (NN repolarization) (NNS spikes))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (NNS electropharyngeograms)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(NP (NNP EPG)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))
(, ,) (CC but) (ADVP (RB otherwise))
(VP (AUX have)
(NP (DT no) (JJ visible) (NN feeding) (NNS defects)))))
(. .))
(VP (VB eat)))
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(NP (CD 4)) (: ;)
(NP (NN exp)) (: -)
(S (NP (CD 2))
(VP (VBZ appears)
(S (VP (VP (TO to)
(VP (AUX be) (ADVP (RB slightly))
(VP (VBN starved)
(PP (IN on)
(NP (CD HB101) (NNS bacteria)))
(, ,) (CC but)
(VP (AUX is)
(ADJP (RB visibly) (VBN starved) (CC and) (JJ slow)))))
(: -))
(VP (VBG growing)
(PP (IN on)
(NP (CD DA837) (NNS bacteria)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Mutant worms could clean up polluted land.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (JJ Mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (MD could)
(VP (VB clean) (PRT (RP up))
(NP (JJ polluted) (NN land))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Genetic interactions between endogenous signaling pathways and the lat – 1 nulls have been examined by the construction of double mutant worms, revealing novel facets of lat – 1 function.
(Parse)
(S1 (FRAG (NP (NP (JJ Genetic) (NNS interactions))
(PP (IN between)
(NP (NP (JJ endogenous) (VBG signaling) (NNS pathways)) (CC and)
(NP (DT the) (NN lat)))))
(: -)
(S (NP (CD 1) (NNS nulls))
(VP (AUX have)
(VP (AUX been)
(VP (VBN examined)
(PP (IN by)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN construction))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (JJ double) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms)))))
(, ,)
(S (VP (VBG revealing)
(NP (NP (JJ novel) (NNS facets))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NN lat))))
(: -)
(NP (CD 1) (NN function)) (. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Mutant worms could clean up polluted land.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (JJ Mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (MD could)
(VP (VB clean) (PRT (RP up))
(NP (JJ polluted) (NN land))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Mutant worms moved normally and released normal levels of neurotransmitter as assayed pharmacologically and electrophysiologically.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (JJ Mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (VP (VBD moved) (ADVP (RB normally)))
(CC and)
(VP (VBD released)
(NP (NP (JJ normal) (NNS levels))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NN neurotransmitter)))
(ADJP (RB as) (VBN assayed)))
(ADVP (RB pharmacologically) (CC and) (RB electrophysiologically))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Comparison of the amounts of partially spliced let – 2 RNAs in synchronized wild – type and asd – 2 mutant worms suggested that either of the introns downstream from the let – 2 mutually exclusive exons is removed prior to the removal of the upstream ones, and that asd – 2 promotes biased excision of intron 10 in the late larval stages.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (NP (NN Comparison))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS amounts))
(PP (IN of)
(ADJP (RB partially) (VBN spliced)
(S (VP (VBN let)))
(: -)
(NP (NP (CD 2) (NNS RNAs))
(PP (IN in)
(S (VP (VBN synchronized) (ADVP (RB wild)))
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(NP (NN type) (CC and) (NN asd)) (: -)
(NP (CD 2) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms)))))
(VP (VBD suggested)
(SBAR (IN that)
(S (NP (NP (NP (DT either))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NNS introns))
(PP (JJ downstream) (IN from)
(NP (DT the) (VB let)))
(: -)
(NP (CD 2)
(ADJP (RB mutually) (JJ exclusive)) (NNS exons)))
(VP (AUX is)
(VP (VBN removed) (ADVP (RB prior))
(PP (TO to)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN removal))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (DT the) (JJ upstream) (NNS ones)) (, ,) (CC and)
(SBAR (WHNP (WDT that))
(S (VP (VBZ asd) (: -)
(S (NP (CD 2))
(VP (VBZ promotes)
(NP (NP (VBN biased) (NN excision))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NN intron) (CD 10))))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (DT the) (JJ late) (JJ larval) (NNS stages)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Our studies using dyn – 1 mutant worms, and complementary studies in mammals, revealed an unexpected and novel requirement for dynamin in maturation of phagosomes containing apoptotic cells.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (NP (PRP$ Our) (NNS studies))
(VP (VBG using)
(NP (NP (NNS dyn)) (: -)
(NP (CD 1) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms)) (, ,) (CC and)
(NP (NP (JJ complementary) (NNS studies))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NNS mammals))))
(, ,))))
(VP (VBD revealed)
(NP (NP (DT an) (JJ unexpected) (CC and) (JJ novel) (NN requirement))
(PP (IN for)
(NP (NN dynamin))))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (NN maturation))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (NNS phagosomes))
(VP (VBG containing)
(NP (JJ apoptotic) (NNS cells)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
All such doubly mutant worms roll as adults suggesting that the rol – 3 product does not function directly within the adult cuticle.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT All) (JJ such)
(ADJP (RB doubly) (JJ mutant)) (NNS worms))
(VP (VBP roll)
(PP (IN as)
(NP (NP (NNS adults))
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(SBAR (IN that)
(S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN rol)) (: -)
(NP (CD 3) (NN product)))
(VP (AUX does) (RB not)
(VP (VB function) (ADVP (RB directly))
(PP (IN within)
(NP (DT the) (JJ adult) (JJ cuticle)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Staining of the mutant gonads with an antibody against a mitosis marker (phosphorylated serine 10 on histone H3) demonstrates that there are fewer cells undergoing mitosis in the mutant worms compared to N2 worms.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (NP (NN Staining))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (DT the) (JJ mutant) (NNS gonads))
(PP (IN with)
(NP (NP (DT an) (NN antibody))
(PP (IN against)
(NP (DT a) (NNS mitosis) (NN marker)))))
(PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(VP (VBN phosphorylated)
(NP (NNP serine) (CD 10))
(PP (IN on)
(NP (JJ histone) (NNP H3))))
(-RRB- -RRB-)))))
(VP (VBZ demonstrates)
(SBAR (IN that)
(S (NP (EX there))
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(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (DT the) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (VBN compared)
(PP (TO to)
(NP (NNP N2) (NNS worms))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
In this paper, we describe the results of transgenic expression analysis of the gene and report the results of proteome analysis (2D page) and glycolipid analysis of the mutant worms.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (PP (IN In)
(NP (DT this) (NN paper)))
(, ,)
(NP (PRP we))
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(NP (NP (NNP transgenic) (NN expression) (NN analysis))
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(NP (DT the) (NN gene))))
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(VP (VB report)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NNS results))
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(CC and)
(NP (NP (JJ glycolipid) (NN analysis))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms)))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
We want to elucidate the role of P granules, the germ – line granules of C. elegans, by studying a gene, pgl – 1, which likely encodes a component of P granules. pgl – 1 was identified in genetic screens: pgl – 1 mutant worms lack some P – granule epitopes (those recognized by the MAbs K76 and OIC1D4), and show a temperature – sensitive maternal – effect sterile phenotype (pgl – 1 / pgl – 1 hermaphrodites from heterozygous mothers are themselves fertile but produce all sterile progeny at 26oC).
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (PRP We))
(VP (VBP want)
(S (VP (TO to)
(VP (VB elucidate)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN role))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (JJ P) (NNS granules)) (, ,)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN germ)) (: -)
(NP (NP (NN line) (NNS granules))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NNP C) (. .) (NNS elegans)))))
(, ,))))
(PP (IN by)
(S (VP (VBG studying)
(NP (NP (DT a) (NN gene)) (, ,)
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(VP (VBZ encodes)
(NP (NP (DT a) (NN component))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (JJ P) (NNS granules)))))
(. .)) (JJ pgl) (PRN (: -)
(S (NP (CD 1))
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(VP (VBN identified)
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (NP (JJ genetic) (NNS screens)) (: :)
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(S (NP (CD 1) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (VP (VBP lack)
(NP (NP (DT some) (NN P)) (: -)
(NP (NP (JJ granule) (NNS epitopes)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(S (NP (DT those))
(VP (VBN recognized)
(PP (IN by)
(NP (DT the) (NNP MAbs) (NNP K76) (CC and) (NNP OIC1D4)))))
(-RRB- -RRB-)))))
(, ,) (CC and)
(VP (VB show)
(NP (DT a) (NN temperature)))
(: -)
(NP (JJ sensitive) (NN maternal))))
(: -)) (NN effect)) (JJ sterile) (NN phenotype)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(S (NP (NP (CD pgl)) (: -)
(NP (CD 1) (NNP /) (NN pgl)) (: -)
(NP (NP (CD 1) (NNS hermaphrodites))
(PP (IN from)
(NP (JJ heterozygous) (NNS mothers)))))
(VP (VP (AUX are)
(ADJP (NP (PRP themselves)) (JJ fertile)))
(CC but)
(VP (VB produce)
(NP (DT all) (JJ sterile) (NN progeny))
(PP (IN at)
(NP (CD 26oC)))
(-RRB- -RRB-)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
The Ven phenotype was observed in embryos, and mutant worms not exhibiting the Ven phenotype in L1 larvae remained normal at later stages.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (S (NP (DT The) (NN Ven) (NN phenotype))
(VP (AUX was)
(VP (VBN observed)
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NNS embryos)))
(, ,) (CC and)
(S (NP (NP (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (RB not) (VBG exhibiting)
(NP (DT the) (NN Ven) (NN phenotype))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NNP L1) (NNS larvae)))))
(VP (VBD remained)
(ADJP (JJ normal))
(PP (IN at)
(NP (JJ later) (NNS stages)))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
The rop – 1 mutant worms display no visible defects.
(Parse)
(S1 (NP (NP (DT The) (NN rop)) (: -)
(S (NP (CD 1) (JJ mutant) (NNS worms))
(VP (VBP display)
(NP (DT no) (JJ visible) (NNS defects))))
(. .)))
And 112 more sentences.