Learned by Reading
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Q 1: Pizza, sandwiches and salads go down well on the outdoor deck or inside the big wooden barnlike structure called the Lander Bar.
(Parse)
(S1 (FRAG (NP (NNP Q) (CD 1)) (: :)
(S (NP (NNP Pizza) (, ,) (NNS sandwiches) (CC and) (NNS salads))
(VP (VBP go) (PRT (RP down)) (ADVP (RB well))
(PP (PP (IN on)
(NP (DT the) (JJ outdoor) (NN deck)))
(CC or)
(PP (IN inside)
(NP (NP (DT the) (JJ big) (JJ wooden) (JJ barnlike) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (DT the) (NNP Lander) (NNP Bar)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
In the 5th – century building accounts, the structure is simply called “ho naos” (“the temple”).
(Parse)
(S1 (S (PP (IN In)
(NP (DT the) (JJ 5th) (: -) (NN century) (NN building) (NNS accounts)))
(, ,)
(NP (DT the) (NN structure))
(VP (AUX is) (ADVP (RB simply))
(VP (VBN called) ('' '')
(NP (NNP ho) (NNS naos)) ('' '') (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (FRAG ('' '')
(NP (DT the) (NN temple)) ('' '')) (-RRB- -RRB-))))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
These neural territories include parts of the parietal and frontal lobes as well as a structure called the anterior cingulate.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT These) (JJ neural) (NNS territories))
(VP (VBP include)
(NP (NP (NP (NNS parts))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (JJ parietal) (CC and) (JJ frontal) (NNS lobes))))
(CONJP (RB as) (RB well) (IN as))
(NP (NP (DT a) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (DT the) (NNP anterior) (NN cingulate))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
The structure was called Hatchzutsumi (-RRB-, literally meaning eight “ch” levee, since the length of the levee was approximately eight “ch” (870 meters).
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT The) (NN structure))
(VP (AUX was)
(VP (VBN called)
(NP (NP (NNP Hatchzutsumi)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(NP (QP (CD ) (CD )) (NN )) (-RRB- -RRB-)))
(, ,)
(S (VP (ADVP (RB literally)) (VBG meaning)
(NP (CD eight) ('' '') (NN ch) ('' '') (NN levee))))
(, ,)
(SBAR (IN since)
(S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN length))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (NN levee))))
(VP (AUX was)
(NP (NP (RB approximately) (CD eight) ('' '') (NNS ch)) ('' '') (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-)
(NP (CD 870) (NNS meters)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
In such cases, key structures which define the macromolecular shapes of the assembled molecules are called mesogens or mesogenic parts.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (PP (IN In)
(NP (JJ such) (NNS cases)))
(, ,)
(NP (NP (JJ key) (NNS structures))
(SBAR (WHNP (WDT which))
(S (VP (VB define)
(NP (NP (DT the) (JJ macromolecular) (NNS shapes))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (VBN assembled) (NNS molecules)))))
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NP (NNS mesogens)) (CC or)
(NP (JJ mesogenic) (NNS parts)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
The pyramid complexes are known as the Layer Pyramid, and another ruined structure, called the “Northern Pyramid”.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT The) (JJ pyramid) (NNS complexes))
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN known)
(PP (IN as)
(NP (DT the) (NN Layer)))
(NP (NP (NNP Pyramid)) (, ,) (CC and)
(NP (NP (DT another) (VBN ruined) (NN structure)) (, ,)
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (DT the) ('' '') (NNP Northern) (NNP Pyramid) ('' '')))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
The British brought all these chiefs into an administrative structure called the Lukiiko.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT The) (NNPS British))
(VP (VBD brought)
(NP (PDT all) (DT these) (NNS chiefs))
(PP (IN into)
(NP (NP (DT an) (JJ administrative) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (DT the) (NNP Lukiiko))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
The involved are addressed to another structure called the CUMP “Cellule d ’urgence mdico – psychologique” (medical – psychological urgency cell); this is a resting zone, with food and possibly temporary lodging, and a psychologist to take care of the brief reactive psychosis and avoid post – traumatic stress disorder.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT The) (JJ involved))
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN addressed)
(PP (TO to)
(NP (NP (DT another) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NP (DT the) (VBG CUMP) ('' '') (NNP Cellule) (NNP d) (NN 'urgence) (NN mdico)) (: -)
(NP (NP (NN psychologique)) ('' '') (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (JJ medical) (: -) (JJ psychological) (NN urgency) (NN cell) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (: ;)
(S (NP (DT this))
(VP (AUX is)
(NP (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG resting) (NN zone)) (, ,)
(PP (IN with)
(NP (NN food))))
(CC and) (RB possibly)
(NP (JJ temporary) (NN lodging)) (, ,) (CC and)
(NP (DT a) (NN psychologist)
(S (VP (TO to)
(VP (VP (VB take)
(NP (NN care))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (JJ brief) (JJ reactive) (NN psychosis))))
(CC and)
(VP (VB avoid)
(NP (NN post)))))
(: -)
(NP (JJ traumatic) (NN stress) (NN disorder)))
(. .)))
In the ICWSM 2009 Weblog Corpus:
Skeletal animation, one of the most commonly used and technically advanced real – time animation techniques used today, treats the triangle mesh of a model as a skin and defines an underlying structure, called a’ skeleton ’, that influences the position of the vertices on the original mesh.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (NP (JJ Skeletal) (NN animation)) (, ,)
(NP (NP (CD one))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the)
(ADJP (ADJP (RBS most) (RB commonly) (VBN used)) (CC and)
(ADJP (RB technically) (JJ advanced)))
(JJ real) (: -) (NN time) (NN animation) (NNS techniques)))
(VP (VBN used)
(NP (NN today))))
(, ,))
(VP (VP (VBZ treats)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NNP triangle) (NN mesh))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT a) (NN model))))
(PP (IN as)
(NP (DT a) (NN skin))))
(CC and)
(VP (VBZ defines)
(NP (NP (DT an) (JJ underlying) (NN structure)) (, ,)
(VP (VBN called)
(NP (DT a) ('' ') (NN skeleton) (POS ')))
(, ,)
(SBAR (WHNP (WDT that))
(S (VP (VBZ influences)
(NP (NP (DT the) (NN position))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (NNS vertices))))
(PP (IN on)
(NP (DT the) (JJ original) (NN mesh)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
One can declare a structure called [Codice 44] in which the variable “really” stores an integer, but by calling [Codice 45] the sum, instead of the product, of the integers might be returned: The code above made use of a constructor to “construct” the return value.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (PRP One))
(VP (MD can)
(VP (VB declare)
(NP (NP (DT a) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NP (JJ -LSB-) (NNP Codice) (CD 44) (NN -RSB-))
(SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which)))
(S (NP (DT the) (NN variable)) ('' '') (ADVP (RB really)) ('' '')
(VP (VBZ stores)
(NP (DT an) (NN integer)) (, ,) (CC but)
(PP (IN by)
(S (VP (VBG calling)
(NP (NP (JJ -LSB-) (NNP Codice) (CD 45) (NN -RSB-))
(SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sum)) (, ,)
(PP (RB instead) (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (NN product)))
(, ,)
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (NNS integers))))
(VP (MD might)
(VP (AUX be)
(VP (VBN returned)))
(: :)
(NP (NP (DT The) (NN code))
(PP (IN above)
(NP (NP (VBN made) (NN use))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT a) (NN constructor)))
(S (VP (TO to) ('' '')
(VP (VB construct) ('' '')
(NP (DT the) (NN return) (NN value)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
Gills are made up of threadlike structures called filaments.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (NNS Gills))
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN made) (PRT (RP up))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (JJ threadlike) (NNS structures))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NNS filaments)))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
The rigid structure is called a stent.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT The) (JJ rigid) (NN structure))
(VP (AUX is)
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (DT a) (NN stent)))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
Such structures are called completely distributive lattices.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (JJ Such) (NNS structures))
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN called) (ADVP (RB completely))
(NP (JJ distributive) (NNS lattices))))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
These light – gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.
(Parse)
(S1 (NP (NP (DT These) (NN light)) (: -)
(S (S (VP (VBG gathering)
(NP (NNS membranes))))
(VP (MD may) (ADVP (RB even))
(VP (VB form)
(NP (NP (VBN enclosed) (NNS structures))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NNS chlorosomes))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (JJ green) (NN sulfur) (NNS bacteria)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
Clasping leaves of the Poaceae have an extra structure called the ligule.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (NP (VBG Clasping) (NNS leaves))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (DT the) (NNP Poaceae))))
(VP (AUX have)
(NP (NP (DT an) (JJ extra) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (DT the) (NN ligule)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
While at rest, it is folded under the abdomen and held there by a structure called a “retinaculum”, located on the third abdominal segment.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (ADVP (IN While)
(PP (IN at)
(NP (NN rest))))
(, ,)
(NP (PRP it))
(VP (AUX is)
(VP (VP (VBN folded)
(PP (IN under)
(NP (DT the) (NN abdomen))))
(CC and)
(VP (VBN held)
(NP (EX there))
(PP (IN by)
(NP (NP (DT a) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NP (DT a) ('' '') (NN retinaculum) ('' '')) (, ,)
(VP (VBN located)
(PP (IN on)
(NP (DT the) (JJ third) (NN abdominal) (NN segment)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
In English, however, structures in / below water are not generally called “cairns”.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (PP (IN In)
(NP (NNP English)))
(, ,) (ADVP (RB however)) (, ,)
(NP (NP (NNS structures))
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (CD /))
(PP (IN below)
(NP (NN water)))
(VP (AUX are) (RB not)
(VP (ADVP (RB generally)) (VBN called) ('' '')
(NP (NNS cairns)) ('' '')))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
This proposed structure for overstretched DNA has been called “P – form DNA,” in honor of Linus Pauling who originally presented it as a possible structure of DNA The mechanical properties DNA under compression have not been characterized due to experimental difficulties in preventing the polymer from bending under the compressive force.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (S (NP (NP (DT This) (VBN proposed) (NN structure))
(PP (IN for)
(NP (JJ overstretched) (NN DNA))))
(VP (AUX has)
(VP (AUX been)
(VP (VBN called) ('' '')
(NP (NNP P)))
(: -)
(S (VP (VB form)
(NP (NP (NNP DNA)) (, ,) ('' '')
(PP (IN in)
(NP (NP (NN honor))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NP (NNP Linus) (NNP Pauling))
(SBAR (WHNP (WP who))
(S (ADVP (RB originally))
(VP (VBD presented)
(NP (PRP it))
(PP (IN as)
(NP (NP (DT a) (JJ possible) (NN structure))
(PP (IN of)
(NP (NNP DNA)))))
(S (NP (DT The) (JJ mechanical) (NNS properties) (NN DNA))
(PP (IN under)
(NP (NN compression)))
(VP (AUX have) (RB not)
(VP (AUX been)
(VP (VBN characterized)
(S (ADJP (JJ due)
(PP (TO to)
(NP (NP (JJ experimental) (NNS difficulties))
(PP (IN in)
(S (VP (VBG preventing)
(NP (DT the) (NN polymer))
(PP (IN from)
(S (VP (VBG bending)
(PP (IN under)
(NP (DT the) (NN compressive) (NN force)))
(. .)))
In Wikipedia:
All brachiopods are marine and are found either attached to substrates by a structure called a pedicle or resting on muddy bottoms.
(Parse)
(S1 (S (NP (DT All) (NNS brachiopods))
(VP (VP (AUX are)
(ADJP (JJ marine)))
(CC and)
(VP (AUX are)
(VP (VBN found) (CC either) (VBN attached)
(PP (TO to)
(NP (NNS substrates)))
(PP (IN by)
(NP (NP (DT a) (NN structure))
(VP (VBN called)
(S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN pedicle) (CC or) (NN resting))
(PP (IN on)
(NP (JJ muddy) (NNS bottoms)))))
(. .)))
And 522 more sentences.