
    WFDF Official Rules of Flying Disc Sports
    Article VIII - Disc Golf
    Copyright (c) 1994, WFDF
    Last Change: 20 Jul 1994
    
    
    Comment:  Trying to explain the growing popularity of disc golf
    begins with one central fact:  throwing a flying disc with power and
    accuracy is a marvelous sensation.  The constant challenge, the social
    nature of the game, the good physical and mental conditioning, and the
    fact that it's inexpensive to play are also attractions.  Disc golf is
    a recreational sport for everybody, regardless of age, gender or
    ability.
    
    The object of the game is to traverse a course from beginning to end
    in the fewest number of throws of the disc.  Each consecutive throw is
    made from where the disc came to rest after the last throw.  Score is
    determined by counting the number of throws made on each hole and then
    summing all holes.  The winner is the player who completes the course
    in the fewest number of throws.  The course consists of a series of
    holes laid out so that when the player completes one hole he proceeds
    to the beginning of the next until all the holes have been played.
    The player is provided with a tee area from which to begin each hole,
    and a target, such as a disc pole-hole, to complete the hole.  Disc
    golf courses are normally laid out among wooded areas with diverse
    terrain to provide natural obstacles to the flight of the disc.  These
    natural obstacles are very much a part of the game and must not be
    altered by the players in any way to decrease the difficulty of a
    hole.  Disc golf courses are normally 18 holes in length, but there
    are also 9-hole and 27-hole courses in existence.  Disc golf courses
    can be found in 41 of the 50 United States and Canada, Japan,
    Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, West Germany, Finland,
    Yugoslavia, United Kingdom, and Africa.  Disc golf is a game which
    expects high standards of etiquette and courtesy.  Among the basic
    considerations of etiquette are such things as respect for plant life
    on the course and allowing faster groups to play through if asked.
    
    
Outline of Contents
    
    
    801. Conduct of Players
    
    - 801.01. Courtesy:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Players should take care not to produce any distracting noises or
    any potential visual distractions for other players who are throwing.
    Examples of discourteous actions are:  yelling, freestyling, slapping
    course equipment, throwing out of turn, throwing or kicking golf bags,
    and advancing on the fairway beyond the away player.  Yelling, "Fore"
    at an appropriate time to warn someone in danger of being struck by a
    disc is not a violation of courtesy.
    
 - B.
    
 - Courtesy also dictates that players who smoke should not allow
    their smoke to disturb other players.
    
 - C.
    
 - Interpretation of courtesy also includes other actions, as
    expected by the rules, such as:  refusal to assist in the search for a
    lost disc, refusal to move discs or equipment, refusal to keep score
    properly, etc..
    
 - D.
    
 - Players should not throw until they are certain that the thrown
    disc will not distract another player or potentially injure anyone
    present.  Players should watch the other members of their group throw
    to aid in the locating of errant throws and to ensure compliance with
    the rules.
    
 - E.
    
 - A player violating a courtesy rule may be warned by any affected
    player, even if from another group, or by an official, with all
    players of the group advised of the warning.  A one-throw penalty will
    be assessed for each subsequent infraction in the same round.
    Repeated violations of courtesy rules may result in disqualification
    in accordance with section 804.05.
    
 - F.
    
 - Courtesy also stipulates that when a group cannot reach a majority
    decision regarding a ruling, the benefit of the doubt shall be given
    to the thrower.  However, any player may seek the ruling of an
    official, and such a ruling will be final.
    
 
    - 801.02. Order of Play:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Tee-off order on the first tee is determined by the order in which
    the scorecards were filled out.
    
 - B.
    
 - Tee-off order on all subsequent tees is determined by the score on
    the previous hole, with the lowest score throwing first, and so on.
    If the previous hole was a tie, count the score back until
    resolved.
    
 - C.
    
 - The player farthest from the hole, (the "away" player), always
    throws first.  Throwing or putting out of order is a courtesy
    violation, and may be called by any player in the group.
    
 - D.
    
 - If a player throws a practice throw or an extra throw with any
    disc at any time after the start of a round and prior to finishing the
    last hole of the round, a one-throw penalty is incurred.  The throw
    must be observed by any two players or an official.
    
 - E.
    
 - It is the responsibility of the player to play the course
    correctly.  If a player throws from the correct tee, and either
    misplays a mandatory dog-leg or throws toward an incorrect target, and
    the mistake is discovered at any time prior to the player's scorecard
    being turned in for the round, the player may not re-tee and must
    proceed to play the hole correctly.  If the player in this case has
    already thrown into a target, his lie must be marked on the ground
    within one meter of that target with no relief.  If a player throws
    from an incorrect teeing area, and the mistake is discovered prior to
    the player's scorecard being turned in, the player must re-tee
    correctly and the incorrect throws will be added to his score as
    practice throws.  In any case of the course being played incorrectly,
    if the mistake has not been corrected at the time that the player's
    scorecard is turned in for that round, the player shall retroactively
    incur a six-throw penalty.
    
 - F.
    
 - During tournament play, no group may play through the group ahead
    unless the group ahead is required to stand aside in accordance with
    the rules.
    
 
    - 801.03. Excessive Time:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - A maximum of 30 seconds is allowed to each player to make a throw
    after:
    
    - (1)
    
 - the previous player has thrown; and,
    
 - (2)
    
 - the player has taken a reasonable time to arrive at the disc and
    place the marker; and,
    
 - (3)
    
 - the playing area is clear and free of distractions.
    
 
     - B.
    
 - On the first infraction per round, the player is warned by any two
    players of the group or an official.  A one-throw penalty will be
    assessed for each subsequent infraction in the same round if observed
    by two or more players of the group or an official.
    
 
    
    
    802. Equipment
    
    - 802.01. Discs Used in Play:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - To be used in competition, discs must meet all of the conditions
    set forth in the Official W.F.D.F. general disc specifications
    (section 107) and the appropriate category of
    competition (section 804.08).
    
 - B.
    
 - Cracked discs and repaired discs are illegal regardless of the
    extent of the crack or the method of repair.  If a disc is cracked
    during a round, it may be carried, but not thrown, for the remainder
    of the round.  A player throwing a cracked disc will be penalized
    one-throw for each throw of the disc as observed by two or more
    players of the group or an official.
    
 - C.
    
 - No modifications of any kind will be allowed that will alter the
    weight, shape, flight characteristics, or performance of any disc in
    play, including changes that are made by hand, heat, or any other
    device, with this exception:  discs may be moderately sanded to smooth
    molding imperfections or scrape marks caused by normal wear and tear.
    Excessive sanding will be handled in accordance with sections 802.01 (E) and (F). 
    
 - D.
    
 - All discs must be uniquely marked using ink, but may not be
    painted with any other material that has a detectable thickness.
    
 - E.
    
 - Discs must be specifically approved by the tournament director if
    questioned by another player in the contest, but in no case will the
    disc be approved if it is in violation of any of the above
    specifications.
    
 - F.
    
 - Any player who carries an illegal disc during play (other than
    marker discs or discs cracked during the round), will be penalized one
    throw for each hole that the disc was in the player's possession
    during the round.
    
 
    - 802.02 Marker Discs:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Each player must mark his lie with a marker disc having a diameter
    of between 7 cm and 15 cm and a height not exceeding 2.54 cm.
    
 
    - 802.03. Targets:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Criteria for finishing disc pole holes shall be:  The disc must be
    supported by the chains or the basket in order to finish the hole.
    Discs must be released and come to rest (not be moving) before a
    player may consider the hole completed and remove the disc.  Discs
    supported by the chain support or number sign will not constitute a
    completed hole.  If the disc falls from the support of the chains or
    the basket before coming to rest then the hole has not been
    completed.
    
 
    
    
    803. Rules of Play
    
    - 803.01. Teeing Off:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Play will begin on each hole by the player throwing from the
    teeing area.  The player's supporting point closest to the hole at the
    time of the release must be placed within two meters of, and behind,
    the front line of the tee area.  If a tee pad is provided, all
    supporting points must be on the pad at the time of the release.  If
    no tee pad is provided, all supporting points at the time of release
    must be within an area encompassed by the front line of the tee and
    two lines perpendicular to and extending back from each end of the
    front line.
    
 - B.
    
 - Teeing off improperly constitutes a stance violation and will be
    handled in accordance with sections 803.03
    (D-F).
    
 
    - 803.02. Marking the Lie:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - After the tee-off, the thrown disc must be left where it came to
    rest until a legal marker disc is placed on the ground between the
    hole and the disc, touching the thrown disc.  (See other applicable
    rules on placing the marker when the thrown disc is not playable.)
    The marker disc may not be moved until the throw is completed.
    
 - B.
    
 - A warning will be given by two or more players in the group, or by
    an official, for the first violation of this section during a round.
    A one-throw penalty will be assessed for each subsequent violation if
    observed by two or more players of the group or an official.
    
 - C.
    
 - If a thrown disc should break and come to rest in more than one
    piece, the lie of the largest piece will be taken as the result of the
    throw.  No warning may be given for a violation of this rule.  Any
    throws made from an incorrect lie will be counted as practice throws.
    
 
    - 803.03. Stance:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - During a throw, one of the player's supporting points must be
    placed within 30 cm behind the marker disc and on the imaginary line
    running from the hole through the center of the marker disc.  When the
    disc is released, no supporting point contact may be made with the
    marker disc or any other object closer to the hole than the rear edge
    of the marker disc. Stepping past the marker disc is permitted after
    the disc is released, except when putting within 10 m.
    
 - B.
    
 - Any throw from 10 m or less, as measured from the rear of the
    marker disc to the base of the hole, is considered a putt.  A
    follow-through after a putt that causes the thrower to make any
    supporting-point contact closer to the hole than the rear edge of the
    marker disc, constitutes a falling putt and is not allowed.  The
    player must demonstrate full control of balance before advancing
    toward the hole.
    
 - C.
    
 - All of the player's supporting points must be in-bounds when
    throwing.  If the disc is within 1 m of out-of-bounds, the lie may be
    moved to a new location, a distance of 1 m away from, and
    perpendicular to the nearest out-of-bounds line.  This ruling holds
    even if the direction takes the lie closer to the hole.  No penalty is
    incurred.
    
 - D.
    
 - To be valid, a stance violation must be called within 3 seconds
    after the infraction.  The call must be made by another member of the
    group, besides the thrower, or by an official.  When the call is made
    by a player, it must subsequently be confirmed by at least one other
    player in the group, not excluding the thrower.  A player will receive
    a warning for the first violation of a stance rule in the round.
    Subsequent violations of any type of stance rule in the same round
    will incur a one-throw penalty.
    
 - E.
    
 - All stance violations must be rethrown, with this exception:
    unsuccessful putts made from within 10 m of the target may not be
    rethrown.  Rethrows must be taken prior to subsequent play by others
    in the group.
    
 - F.
    
 - The player may not retrieve the originally thrown disc prior to
    the rethrow, except in the case of a putt from within 10 m.  An
    automatic one-throw penalty will be assessed for any infraction of
    this rule.
    
 
    - 803.04. Relief:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Obstacles to a player's stance or throwing motion that are
    permanent or are an integral part of the course cannot be moved or
    bent or in any way altered by the player to facilitate the throw,
    except as to allow the player to take a legal stance on the lie.  When
    playing the lie, the player must choose the stance that will result in
    the least movement of any part of the obstacle between the lie and the
    hole.
    
 - B.
    
 - Relief may be obtained from non-permanent obstacles to a player's
    stance or throwing motion.  Non-permanent obstacles are things such
    as:  casual water or mud, loose leaves, broken branches no longer
    connected to a tree, other players' equipment, moveable trash cans,
    motor vehicles, harmful insects or animals, and spectators who prevent
    safe play.  In situations where the permanent or fixed nature of an
    obstacle is unclear, it will be determined by an official.
    
 - C.
    
 - Prior to the start of a round, the tournament director may
    designate other non-permanent areas from which relief may be obtained.
    
 - D.
    
 - To obtain relief, the player must first attempt to remove the
    obstacle.  If this is impractical, the lie may be relocated to the
    nearest playable lie, no closer to the hole (unless that is the only
    alternative to avoid an out-of-bounds area), and not more than five m
    from the original lie, as agreed to by a majority of the group or an
    official.
    
 - E.
    
 - If a suitable lie cannot be found within 5 m, the player may
    select a point within 5 m of the original lie, but not closer to the
    hole, and declare "Unsafe Lie" and locate a new lie from that point,
    and be penalized, in accordance with section
    803.05.
    
 - F.
    
 - Violation of this section will result in a 1-throw penalty, if
    observed by two or more players of the group or an official.
    
 - G.
    
 - If, in violating this section, a player consciously damages
    anything on the course, the player will incur a two-throw penalty if
    observed by two or more players of the group or an official.  The
    player may be disqualified from the tournament, in accordance with
    section 804.05, if the director deems the
    actions serious enough.
    
 
    - 803.05. Unsafe Lie:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - A player may declare a lie to be unsafe and ask that it be
    relocated to a new playable lie within 5 m of the unsafe lie, with a
    one-throw penalty.  If the player decides that there is no suitable
    lie within 5 m of the unsafe lie, the player may relocate the lie to a
    suitable lie on the fairway, and take a two-throw penalty.  In either
    case, the new lie may be no closer to the hole than the unsafe lie.
    
 
    - 803.06. Interference:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - A thrown disc that hits another player, spectator, or animal will
    either be played where it comes to rest, or if it deflected
    out-of-bounds or was caught and thrown, marked as close as possible to
    the point of contact, as determined by a majority of the group or an
    official.  Players should not stand or leave their equipment where
    interference with the flight or path of a disc could easily occur.
    The away player may require other players to mark their lie or move
    their equipment before making a throw if the player believes that
    either could interfere with the throw.
    
 - B.
    
 - If a disc at rest or a marker disc is moved, the disc or marker
    will be replaced as close as possible to the original lie, as
    determined by a majority of the group or an official, with these
    exceptions:  a disc that rests in an out-of-bounds area or is in a lie
    above ground shall be marked from its new location if it is moved by
    an outside agent, such as the wind or a competitively thrown disc.
    
 - C.
    
 - Any player who consciously alters the course of a thrown disc, or
    consciously moves a thrown disc at rest or a marker, other than by the
    action of a competitively thrown disc, will receive a two-throw
    penalty if observed by any two players or an official.
    
 
    - 803.07. Lie Above Ground:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - If a disc comes to rest above the ground in a tree or other object
    on the course, its lie will be marked on the ground directly below it.
    If the point directly below the lie above ground is an out-of-bounds
    area, the lie will be declared out-of-bounds and marked and penalized
    in accordance with section 803.08.  If some
    other reason prevents the lie from being marked directly below the
    disc, the lie will be marked as close as possible behind the point
    directly below the disc on the imaginary line through this point and
    the hole.
    
 - B.
    
 - If a disc has come to rest above 2 m, as measured from the lowest
    point of the disc to the ground directly below it, the thrower will be
    assessed a one-throw penalty.  The player shall proceed from a lie
    marked in accordance with section 803.07 (A).
    
 - C.
    
 - If the disc falls, unassisted by a player or spectator, to a
    position less than 2 m above the ground before the player arrives at
    the lie, after taking a reasonable time to do so, no penalty will be
    incurred.
    
 - D.
    
 - If a disc in a questionable lie above ground is moved by any
    player prior to a determination of its 2 m status by a majority of the
    group or an official, that player will receive a two-throw penalty.
    The disc will be assumed to have been below 2 m and will be marked in
    accordance with rules 803.07 (A) and 803.06 (B).
    
 
    - 803.08. Out-of-Bounds:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - A disc will be considered out-of-bounds only when the out-of
    bounds area can be clearly seen between the edge of the disc and the
    in-bounds line at the time the player arrives at the disc or the point
    where it was last in-bounds, after taking a reasonable time to do so.
    
 - B.
    
 - A player whose disc has come to rest out-of-bounds will incur a
    one-throw penalty.  The disc will then be brought in-bounds to a
    playable lie at the point where it left the in-bounds area, as
    determined by a majority of the group or an official.
    
 - C.
    
 - If the in-bounds status of a lie is questionable, either a
    majority of the group or an official shall make the determination.
    
 - D.
    
 - If a questionable lie is picked up by any player prior to such a
    determination, that player will receive a two-throw penalty.  The disc
    will be assumed to have been in-bounds and will be marked in
    accordance with section 803.06 (B).
    
 
    - 803.09. Playing the Wrong Lie:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - When one player's lie is played by another player, play must stop
    and the offending player must immediately attempt to locate the player
    whose lie was wrongly played.  The group will stand aside and allow
    other groups to play through while the player is located and the
    offending player assists in locating the correct lie.
    
 - B.
    
 - If the mistake can be corrected before the offending player
    finishes the hole, the offending player will resume play from his
    correct lie.  Each throw made from the incorrect lie prior to the
    discovery of the error will be counted as a practice throw and added
    to the offending player's score.  In addition, the offending player
    will incur a two-throw penalty.
    
 - C.
    
 - If the mistake remains uncorrected at the time the offending
    player completes the hole, he may not go back to resume play from his
    correct lie and he will incur a six-throw penalty.
    
 - D.
    
 - The player whose lie was incorrectly used will be given a playable
    lie as close to the original lie as possible, as determined by a
    majority of his group or an official.
    
 - E.
    
 - If the incorrectly used lie is discovered to be a disc that has
    already been declared a lost disc by a prior group, then the player
    whose disc was lost will not be allowed to replay from the lie.
    
 
    - 803.10. Lost Disc:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - A disc will be declared lost if the player cannot locate it within
    2 minutes after arriving at the spot where it was last seen.  Two
    players or an official must note when the timing of two minutes
    begins.  All players of the group must, upon request, assist in
    searching for the disc for the full 2 minutes before the disc is
    declared lost.
    
 - B.
    
 - If a disc is declared lost, a marker disc will be placed on a
    playable lie, nearest the spot where the disc was last seen, as agreed
    to by a majority of the group or an official.  A one-throw penalty
    will be assessed.
    
 - C.
    
 - If a disc that was declared lost is discovered, prior to the
    official posting of scores for that round, to have been incorrectly
    played by another player, the offended player will be entitled to
    replay the disc from its correct lie in accordance with section 803.09 (D) with the exception of 803.09 (E).  If the player elects to replay 
    from the correct lie, it must be witnessed by at least two players of
    the group or an official.  The player may not re-tee the hole and no
    other holes may be replayed.  The player's score for the hole will
    then consist of any throws and penalties prior to the disc becoming
    lost plus those made by the player while replaying.  Regardless of the
    player's previous score on the hole, the new score must stand.
    
 
    - 803.11. Mandatory Dog-Leg:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - If a hole has a mandatory dog-leg, the disc must be thrown past
    the dog-leg to the correct side, as indicated on the tee sign or at
    the dog-leg, before the player may complete the hole.  All progress
    toward the hole must play around the dog-leg in the designated
    direction.
    
 - B.
    
 - If the disc should pass a dog-leg on the incorrect side, the
    player must throw the disc back to "unwind", in order to pass to the
    correct side.
    
 - C.
    
 - When marking the lie, if an imaginary straight line from the lie
    to the hole does not pass to the correct side of the dog-leg, then the
    dog-leg object shall be considered to be the hole for the application
    of all stance and marker rules.
    
 
    
    
    804. Tournament Procedures
    
    - 804.01. Special Conditions:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - Rules governing special conditions that may exist on the course
    will be clearly defined and disseminated to the players prior to the
    start of the tournament.  No rules may be stipulated which conflict
    with this Rulebook.
    
 
    - 804.02. Beginning Play:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - At a scheduled time, scorecards shall be distributed to the
    players listed first on each tee-off hole.  After the cards have been
    distributed, groups shall be given adequate time to reach their
    assigned tees.
    
 - B.
    
 - A loud noisemaker, such as an air horn, is to be used to indicate
    that there are 2 minutes remaining until tee-off.  This signal shall
    be a series of short blasts.  At this time, players are to end
    practice and move promptly to their tee areas.
    
 - C.
    
 - An extended blast of the noisemaker begins the round and signals
    the scorekeepers to call the throwing orders.
    
 - D.
    
 - If a player is not present to throw when called, the scorekeeper
    shall allow 30 seconds.  If the player has not thrown by then, a score
    of par plus three is to be entered for that hole.  This procedure
    continues on any subsequent tee-offs for which a player is absent.  No
    holes will be replayed.
    
 - E.
    
 - If a complete round is missed, the player will be disqualified in
    accordance with section 804.05.
    
 
    - 804.03. Scoring:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - After each hole is completed, the scorekeeper will call out each
    player's name in the order it appears on the scorecard.  The called
    player will answer with the score in a voice that is audible to all
    players of the group and the scorekeeper.  The scorekeeper will record
    that score and read it back, in a voice that is audible to all players
    of the group.
    
 - B.
    
 - Warnings and penalties given to a player for a rule infraction
    should be noted on the scorecard, indicating rule number violation and
    on which hole it occurred.
    
 - C.
    
 - If there is any disagreement about the score a player reports, the
    group must review the hole and attempt to refresh the player's memory.
    If this is not possible, the players will call for an official and
    stand aside to allow following groups to play through.  The official
    will make the ruling based on the rules and the consensus of the
    group.  Play by the group may not resume until the dispute is settled.
    The ruling by the official is final and the score will be entered on
    the scorecard and signed by the official.
    
 - D.
    
 - At the end of the round, all players and the scorekeeper will sign
    their scorecard(s) indicating that all players and the scorekeeper
    attest to the accuracy of the scores on each hole and the total
    scores.  However, total scores are not official until posted by the
    tournament director.
    
 - E.
    
 - If all the players in the group agree that a score was recorded in
    error the score may be changed prior to the scorecard being turned in.
    After the card is turned in, the score will stand with no appeal.  If
    it is subsequently determined that a score for a hole or a total score
    was incorrectly recorded, the director shall add two penalty strokes
    to the correct total score.
    
 - F.
    
 - Players of the group shall rotate the scorekeeping responsibility
    proportionally.  The first player listed in the group is responsible
    for picking up the scorecard(s) prior to the start of the round and is
    the first scorekeeper.  He is also responsible for returning the
    group's scorecard(s) within 15 minutes after the completion of a
    round.  Failure to do so will result in an automatic two-throw penalty
    to be added to the responsible player's score.
    
 - G.
    
 - A penalty may be assessed at whatever time the infraction is
    discovered and up until, but not after, the posting of the official
    scores by the director, with these exceptions:  penalties for playing
    the course incorrectly or for playing from the wrong lie may be
    assessed retroactively at any time prior to the completion of the
    tournament.
    
 
    - 804.04. Rain or Hazardous Conditions:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - If, in the opinion of the director, excessive rain or hazardous
    conditions exist that make it impractical or dangerous to continue
    play, the tournament will be stopped.  The signal to stop will be the
    same as the signal to start.
    
 - B.
    
 - Players should immediately stop play and return to the first tee,
    clubhouse, or area designated by the director.
    
 - C.
    
 - The hole being played when the signal to stop was given will be
    replayed when the round resumes unless all players of the group had
    completed the hole.
    
 - D.
    
 - The director may allow players to take a break while waiting for
    weather to improve, but must require players to return each hour on
    the hour until play resumes or until the round is postponed.
    
 - E.
    
 - The director may postpone the incomplete portion of the round for
    a later date if the conditions do not improve within 2 hours, or if
    darkness will fall prior to the projected finish time.
    
 - F.
    
 - Partial round scores will be carried forward to the completion of
    the round whenever the round is resumed.
    
 - G.
    
 - Players who stop playing before a signal to stop has been given
    will receive a two-throw penalty, in addition to playing the holes,
    for each hole they fall behind the players that continue play until
    correctly halted by the director.  The director shall use the average
    number of holes completed by the groups that continued to play to
    determine how many holes the players who stopped prematurely had
    fallen behind.  The minimum penalty to be assessed for premature
    stoppage shall be two throws.
    
 
    - 804.05. Disqualification
    
 
    - A.
    
 - A player may be disqualified by the tournament director only,
    possibly with forfeiture of any prize money and/or no refund of entry
    fees, at the discretion of the director, for meeting any of the
    necessary conditions of disqualification as set forth elsewhere within
    the rules, or for any of the following:
    
    - (1)
    
 - Unsportsmanlike conduct, detrimental to the image and future of
    the sport, such as:  loud cursing, throwing things in anger (other
    than discs in play), or overt rudeness to anyone present.
    
 - (2)
    
 - Willful and overt destruction or abuse of plant life, course
    hardware, or any other property considered part of the golf course or
    the park.
    
 - (3)
    
 - Any willful attempt to circumvent the rules of play.
    
 
     - B.
    
 - The tournament director must disqualify a player, with forfeiture
    of any prize money and no refund of entry fees, if reasonable and
    conclusive proof exists of the player's illegal possession or
    consumption of drugs or alcohol during the tournament.
    
    - (1)
    
 - This rule applies from the morning of the day that the tournament
    begins until the evening of the day that the tournament completes.
    
 - (2)
    
 - This rule applies to tournament locations, including the course,
    surrounding park and parking areas, public areas of the tournament
    (hotel & motel), or any other place where such behavior would
    negatively impact the image and future of the sport.
    
 
     
    - 804.06. Grouping and Sectioning:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - All players will be randomly grouped or seeded for the first round
    and grouped by cumulative score for each round thereafter.
    
 - B.
    
 - Groups shall not be less than three players, except under special
    extenuating circumstances, as deemed necessary by the tournament
    director, to promote fairness.  In cases where fewer than three
    players are required to play together, an official is required to
    accompany the group and may play as long as this does not interfere
    with the competing players.
    
 - C.
    
 - When there are more entrants than can play together in one round,
    the field of competitors may be split into sections.  These sections
    shall be seeded, i.e., each section should have an equal number of top
    players and average players.
    
 - D.
    
 - If conditions differentially affect play among seeded sections,
    the director may consider using a sectioning procedure for cut and
    advancement.  Under this procedure, a proportionate number of
    advancing players are taken from each section by score and the scores
    are not carried forward.
    
 - E.
    
 - If a cut is made, it shall be done to a number that allows all
    advancing players to play at the same time.
    
 
    - 804.07. Ties:
    
 
    - A.
    
 - If there is a tie at the level of a cut, all players at that level
    shall make the cut.
    
 - B.
    
 - Between rounds when the groups are being reset, tied positions
    shall be broken by the following method:  the player with the lowest
    previous round shall have the highest ranking when the
    scorecards/positions are reset.  In the event of low score ties, the
    ties shall be broken by the tournament director flipping a coin.
    
 - C.
    
 - Final ties for first place must be broken by sudden death play.
    Final ties for other ranks shall be officially recorded as ties.
    Sudden death play will begin with hole number one unless a different
    hole is designated by the director prior to the start of the
    tournament.  Ties for other trophy positions will be broken by coin
    flip.
    
 - D.
    
 - Prize money distribution to tied players shall be determined by
    adding the total money allocated to the number of positions
    represented by the tied players and dividing that by the number of
    players tied.
    
 
    - 804.08. Categories of Competition:
    
 
    - A. Vintage Class::
    
 - This set of disc standards are suggested for short courses. It is
    also appropreate for player development events including, but not
    limited to novices.  Discs in this class must meet both the W.F.D.F.
    general disc specifications (see section 107) and
    these additional specifications:
    
    - (1) Rim configuration:
    
 - must achieve a rim configuration rating of 75 or greater (may not
    be bevelled - see section 108 [D]).
    
 - (2) Weight:
    
 - must weigh no more than 6.7 gm per cm of outside diameter.
    
 - (3) Rigidity:
    
 - must be sufficiently flexible to bend to the point of buckling
    when subjected to no more than 9.1 kg (20 lb) of weight in a standard
    testing procedure (see section 108 [F]).
    
 
     - B. 150 Class::
    
 - These disc standards should be used for play on mid-length courses
    or those which use areas that are shared with the general public.
    These standards are appropreate for all levels of competitive play.
    Discs in this class must meet both the W.F.D.F. general disc
    specifications (see section 107) and the following
    additional specifications:
    
    - (1) Rim configuration:
    
 - must achieve a rim configuration rating of 26 or greater (see
    section 108 [D]) (includes all discs currently
    approved by P.D.G.A.).
    
 - (2) Weight:
    
 - must weigh no more than 150 gm.
    
 - (3) Rigidity:
    
 - must be sufficiently flexible to bend to the point of buckling
    when subjected to no more than 9.1 kg (20 lb) of weight in a standard
    testing procedure (see section 108[F]).
    
 
     - C. Heavy Class:
    
 - These disc standards are appropriate for play on courses which
    have limited public access. In heavy class competitions, access to the
    course area should be limited to competitors, event officials and
    informed spectators. Discs in this class must meet both the W.F.D.F.
    general disc specifications (see section 107)
    including the following specifications:
    
    - (1) Rim configuration:
    
 - must achieve a rim configuration rating of 26 or greater (see
    section 108 [D]) (includes all discs currently
    approved by P.D.G.A.).
    
 - (2) Leading edge radius:
    
 - must have a leading edge radius that is greater than 1/16 in (1.6
    mm) (see section 108[E]) (includes all discs
    currently approved by P.D.G.A.).
    
 - (3) Weight:
    
 - must weigh no more than 8.3 gm per cm of outside diameter (current
    P.D.G.A. standard).
    
 - (4) Rigidity (beginning Jan. 1, 1995):
    
 - must be sufficiently flexible to bend to the point of buckling
    when subjected to no more than 12.3 kg (27 lb) of weight in a standard
    testing procedure (see section 108[F]).
    
 
     
    
    
    805. Measurement Cross-Reference
    
    - A.
    
 - Many measurements listed in this rulebook are given in metric.
    The following English system equivalences are to be used when no
    metric measuring device is available.  Under no circumstances shall
    players or officials use independent conversion calculations.
    
    Metric System           English System
    10 meters               32 feet 10 inches
    5 meters                16 feet 5 inches
    3 meters                9 feet 10 inches
    2 meters                6 feet 6 inches
    1 meter                 3 feet 3 inches
    30 centimeters          11 and 3/4 inches
    15 centimeters          5 and 7/8 inches
    7 centimeters           2 and 3/4 inches
    2.54 centimeters        1 inch
    
     
    
    806. Glossary
    
    Away Player: The player whose lie is farthest from the hole and
    who shall throw next.
    Casual Water: A body of water that has not been specifically
    designated as an out-of-bounds area by the tournament director prior
    to the start of the round.
    Fairway: The in-bounds path or field over which a player throws
    while advancing from the tee to the hole.
    Hole: The target that must be reached in order to complete that
    segment of the course.  The term "hole" may also be used to describe
    the tee and fairway that lead to the target.
    Lie: The spot on the ground over which a thrown disc has come
    to rest, and upon which the player takes his stance for the next
    throw.
    Lie (Playable): A lie from which the disc may be played
    according to the rules.
    Lie (Unsafe): A lie from which a player decides that obstacles
    to stance or throwing motion make it impractical or unsafe to attempt
    a throw.  The lie is relocated with a penalty.
    Mandatory Dog-Leg: A restriction to the flight or path of the
    disc, requiring that the disc pass around a certain object on its way
    to the hole.
    Marker Disc: A mini disc that is placed on the ground touching
    a thrown disc at rest, between the disc and the hole, to mark the
    location of the lie.
    Obstacle: Any feature of the course that may impede a player's
    stance or throwing motion.
    Official: A person who is authorized to make judgements
    regarding the proper application of the rules during play.
    Out-of-Bounds: A bounded area designated by the tournament
    director (prior to the start of play) beyond which a disc may not be
    played.  The boundary is defined by a vertical plane above a clearly
    marked line on the ground.
    Penalty Throw: A throw added to a player's score for violating
    a rule, or for relocation of a lie, as called for by that rule.
    Practice Throw: During a round, the projection of a disc of a
    distance greater than 2 m or of any distance toward a target,
    intentional or not, which does not change the player's lie, either
    because it did not occur from the tee or the lie, or because the
    player had already thrown competitively from the tee or the lie.
    Putt: Any throw from 10 m or less as measured from the rear of
    the marker disc to the base of the hole is considered a putt.
    Putt (Falling): A putt after which a player touches his marker
    disc, or any object beyond the lie, including the ground, before
    having demonstrated full control of balance.
    Relief: A change made to the player's lie, such that a
    non-permanent obstacle is removed from the vicinity, or when that is
    impractical, by moving the lie away from the obstacle in accordance
    with section 803.04 D and E.
    Supporting-Point: During a throw, any part of a player's body
    that is in contact with the ground or some other object capable of
    providing support, will be considered a supporting-point.
    Throw: Any action, intentional or not, by a player that propels
    a disc and causes it to change its position from the tee or from the
    lie.
    Tournament Director: The person responsible for running the
    tournament.  Some of the specific responsibilities are outlined
    elsewhere in this rulebook.
    Warning: Where prescribed by a rule, the initial advisement a
    player is given for violating that rule, making him vulnerable to
    receiving a penalty for subsequent violations of that rule within the
    same round.